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Settling the Score

Posted by UniBoffin at 02:00 on 23rd October 2008 in UniBlog

Settling the Score

Well, Happy Birthday to me! I shall be/am/was one year old on 23 October! Don’t let me stop you if you want to send an expensive present!

OK, it may not exactly be my genuine first birthday (I wish!), but it is the uniBoffin’s. It’s just a year since that particular Creature arose from the Big Boss’s Black Lagoon of dubious nom-de-plumes so that yours truly could avoid the personal reprisals that might otherwise have resulted from burdening the darting public with unasked-for dissertations on static margins and moments of inertia.

As it so happens, this particular dissertation is the 20th, which seems like a suitable score on which to settle down comfortably and look back nostalgically at what else we’ve talked about. We’ve met exemplary dart players like Nigel the Novice, Little Len and his mate Lofty, Neil Armstrong and Phil Taylor and sought wisdom from characters as diverse as Pythagoras, Blackadder, Shakespeare and Groucho Marx. We’ve unsuccessfully played darts on the moon and successfully solved a Sherlock Holmes mystery. All this plus the joy of some fairly painful title puns along the way (sorry about those!).

With such a wealth of variety in a simple series of blogs on flight dynamics, it has occurred to me that newer or less frequent visitors to these pages - or just those with a less-than-perfect memory - might get a bit lost when I refer to something I talked about several months ago. So, with apologies to those who have come here expecting some new and exciting aerodynamic revelation (promise I’ll try and think of one for next time!) herewith a handy reference guide to those from the year just past. What could be more useful? (Don’t answer that!)

Pushing on regardless of any chocolate fireguard comments just provoked, after my first “Not Rocket Science?” blog established the credentials of my nascent persona and of my Frankensteinian offspring uniLab (now, incidentally, updated with the 2009 range), the second “Difference between Chalk and CGs” explained the concepts of aerodynamic lift and stability and introduced Centre of Gravity as an important factor. “A Margin for Error” discussed how the CG combined with the Centre of Pressure to determine that infamous static margin and “Yaw Choice” then described the incidence, pitch and yaw terms for flight angle and settled on the last as the most convenient. It also described the crucial theoretical basis for a dart having a characteristic yaw wavelength and casually dropped that dreaded moments of inertia phrase for “A Matter of Some Moment” to pick up and “MI2” to juggle with.

“Sigmata” explained how all the theory had found application in Sigma Pro and Sigma One darts and “Are You a Pro or a One?” covered the difference between the two. “Sigma to the Power of One” dealt with how Phil Taylor had surprised us all by throwing his old darts away and running off with a set of Sigma Pros and “Cycle to Work” implicitly explained why this might have been something to do with their carefully-designed yaw wavelength.

Just to make sure everyone didn’t get too carried away with all the aerodynamic jargon, “The Good, the Bad and the Ungainly” then looked at how the aerodynamic niceties of a dart must still come second to the bio-mechanical interface with, and the attitude of, the player who’s throwing it. Notwithstanding that, “The Adventure of the Three-Quarter” and “Delta Force” showed how tailoring the aerodynamics to the skill level of the player can still help good scoring and hence just why Sigma Pros are called Pros and use delta flights and side-load shafts. In a somewhat similar vein, “Lab Oratory” further examined the theory behind that tailoring and explained the basis of the recommendations uniLab makes on which type of darts might suit which type of player.

Moving on to topics new, “The Spin Doctor” discussed the issue of spinning a dart, a subject on which I received so many comments that most of “Factor Fiction?” was devoted to answering them, although I still found some space to drop a few hints about the then forthcoming release of Sigma 950s – hints on which “Sigma Squared” put some flesh.

Nearly up-to-date, in “Dragged Out of Bed” I almost dismissed aerodynamic drag as a puny force not worthy of licking lift’s boots, only to see them literally join forces in “Yawn Drag” – so titled because it may be my most tedious essay to date (although I was disagreed with on this point in the subsequent comments. Thanks for that, Paul – it’s just a shame I seem to have tested your enthusiasm even more this time!)

And so, with this, that makes 20. But, now we’ve settled that particular score, one question may occur to the more cynical amongst you. Does number 20’s shameless use of the old how-do-we–still-make-an-episode-of-a-sitcom-when-the-star’s-in-rehab trick of re-running past highlights mean that I’ve finally run out of ideas? Is the has-been rock god so devoid of new material that he’s had to release that death-knell of a Greatest Hits album? Can the uniBoffin even make his second birthday?

Well, rest assured the good (or should it be bad?) news is that I can easily go on well into even greater senility explaining ever-more abstruse aspects of flight dynamics to interested dart players. But that assumes I’ll think there still are any out there! So, with that proviso in mind, thanks to all those who took the trouble to submit comments over the past year and herewith the Q&As for this landmark anniversary edition!


Q&As

Jon and Warren (from two uniBlogs ago) and Caleb and Larry on Nose Flats, etc
Yes, guys, as I said in “Sigma Squared”, higher percentage tungsten is more brittle, which can cause problems with nose cracking and is one reason why some Unicorn darts have larger nose flats than may be ideal from a flight damage perspective. On this latter topic, as Larry guesses, “rat-chewed” trailing edges shouldn’t affect things too much, Caleb, but may be a sign that the whole flight has been bent, which would be more significant. If players themselves want to take the risk of chamfering the nose a little more after purchase to help avoid this, fair enough, but for a reputable manufacturer like Unicorn to do so would, as I said, risk an unacceptably high rate of returns and quality control issues. (By the way, Larry, thanks for the Sigma plaudits!)

Paul and Spin and Number of Fins
Explanations on some of the issues you raise, Paul, are in my “The Spin Doctor” blog, which asks “is spinning a dart a good thing?” and answers “Well, yes-ish”, but maybe I’ll look at the question again sometime. As for flights with more than 4 panels, you’ve caught on to the comments I made in the Q&As to “Sigma Squared” as to why it isn’t just the practicality of fitting them into a shaft that’s a drawback - the aerodynamic interference between panels and reduced aspect ratio means that more panels have more total length of trailing edge to block follow-on darts. But, if we ignore that issue for a moment and your possible solution of perforated rip-off flights (as you say, potentially good for sales, but possibly not destined to be popular with the majority of players – especially during a world-wide recession!) the topic you raise about the optimal number of panels is an interesting one (well, fairly!).

I remember many years ago deciding the theoretical answer was probably 5, but you are right that 4 is the most common for missiles (often for reasons of launcher compatibility), although 6 or more are sometimes used. The patent you mention concerning the advantages of odd numbers of fins over even in fact relates to reducing stability variation with roll rather than increasing stability in itself. It was filed by guys who are respected US professionals in the field and I would hesitate to cast doubts on the validity of their supporting data, but I must admit I remain to be convinced!

Bob and Gold Sigma 950s.
No plans for these from my side, Bob. Somehow it would seem a bit frivolously unscientific of me just to bring them out in a different colour - although what Unicorn’s marketing department might decide to do is another matter entirely!

There are 5 comments to this post

Posted by Bob at 06:57 on 23rd October 2008

Maybe I swallowed the Kool-Aid on the gold finish, but I thought it was more than just color, or colour if you prefer. I was under the impression that the golden finish included some alteration to the grip properties of the dart. In any case, it was just an idle question. Oh, and happy anniversary!

Posted by Bob at 07:45 on 23rd October 2008

Keeping the questions separate, I received my set of Sigma 950 Pro darts in 23.9g weight on Monday. After a couple days shooting and experimentation, I have a few comments and questions.

On the comment side, these barrels just feel so comfortable in the hand. The grip provided by the cuts is perfect to allow a very light touch to provide a consistent release. In the neutral camp, it seems the flights are fairly thin compared to the nylon flights I most commonly use. I''m not sure if this is going to matter to their durability, and I haven''t thrown enough in the stock config to start testing their durability. I don''t mind replacing the flights regularly, so I''m hoping they''ll be plenty durable. On the down side, the nose is still very rough on the flights. At 95% tungsten, there''s still no way to round over the nose a bit so that the flights take less of a beating? Also, a premium dart sold with a metal stem should include o-rings. I shouldn''t have to fight with these things to keep the stem firmly attached to the dart body. Finally, I was just looking at the case and serial number card, and it looks like it''s the same old Sigma card as it references the dart as being 97% tungsten. A minor oops, but there you have it.

I have tried both included shaft/flight combinations. With my throw, I just can''t use the Sigma One setup. Between the length of the shaft and lift of the flight, they hit the board with the tail kicked up at least 30 degrees. The fly pretty true to where I aim them, but provide a very odd entry angle. The Pro setup works very well for me, though still a bit kicked up in the tail. Why such a long stem on these? I will probably try some of the short SlikStik stems to see if this improves things for me. Temporarily, I''m throwing them with short nylon stems and experimenting with pear or kite shaped flights.

Additional questions that arise from this are as follows:

1. In aerodynamic terms, should the shaft/flight combination be married to the weight of the dart body as well as the shape? It would seem to this layman that the necessary lift to stabilize the dart should somehow relate to the mass that requires stabilization.

2. Though I expect it to be meaningless in practice, I wonder what the aerodynamic impact of using a shorter SlikStik in an otherwise Sigma Pro configuration might be?

Posted by Warren Ackary at 11:19 on 23rd October 2008

Hi uniBoffin!Many Happy Returns on this your "first birthday"
Thankyou for the refresher on your blogs which always are a "cant stop until finished" read! Always great to read the q&a section to get extra information and most certainly am looking forward to your 2nd Birthday!

Posted by Arif at 06:12 on 25th October 2008

I''ve have read all your Uniboffin posts and now that the Sigma 950 has been introduced I have a question. Do you consider the Sigma 970 to be superior to the 950 in terms of design? After all the grip on the 950 is different and longer. Does this stray from the original design goals of the 970 in any way such with the longer grip a player has more chance to have an unbalanced grip with the 950 than the 970? Just curious because I am trying to decide on a 970 or a 950.

Posted by Deon at 15:14 on 27th October 2008

Happy birthday! Because I sometimes feel my 21gr 970''s are too slippery I got myself a set of 22gr 950''s (dry hands are an extra drawback of being a smoker on increasingly cold match nights). I assumed the shape of the barrels to be very similar but I find it difficult to throw the 950''s with the grip I use on my 970''s (finger thumb grip on the thickest, ringed part, with a stabilising middle finger). The 950''s feel much more curved/arched on the thickest part making it hard for me to get a ''stable'' grip and a ''clean'' release. I''d like to know: does the design of the 950 barrel assume the grip to be further to the back, and how (if at all) does the grip location affect the throw?
I don''t see a significant change in the nose flats. I never thougt that was a problem anyway, I get more bounce-outs throwing into the Pro-shafts at the sharp end of the flights.
The grip on the 950 is great, although roughly finished on my set: I cut my fingertips fastening my shafts. Expect that will wear of.
Anyway, both feel better than any other dart I''ve tried. Cheers

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